Marina Bay Sand Resort free essay sample

Marina Bay Sand Resort located in Singapore is one of the outstanding skyscrapers building. It is one of a miracle building that billed as the world’s most expensive standalone casino property at almost 8 billion. Marina Bay Sand Resort is a high standard building same as other miracle project such as the Palm Island in Dubai, the dynamic tower in Dubai and Moscow and Burj Khalifah in Dubai. Those are scenery that catches many people eyes. Marina Bay Sand Resort was originally open in 2009. It has 2561 room build in within the three skyscrapers building. Around the main buildings also have convection exhibition Centre, the Shoppe’s at Marina Sand Mall. A museum with unique design of the roof top, two large theatres, seven celebrity chef restaurant, floating crystal pavilions, ice skating rink and the world largest atrium casino with 500 tables and 1600 slot machines. To me, this great building could give such a great motivation to mankind as it is almost impractical building but still engineers can make them reality. We will write a custom essay sample on Marina Bay Sand Resort or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Engineers are also human, same as us. It shows that. Nothing is impossible if there is a willing in our heart and willing from God. All people can create good things for the world. Marina Bay Sand Resort was design by Moshe Safdie, the world well-known architect that have design so many building with unique angle. Other major product by him is Mamilla Alvov Centre, Khalsa Heritage Memorial Complex, and Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas. But without money, the Marina Bay Sand will not become a reality. The man behind this project is Sheldon Adelson, one of the richest man and the CEO of Las Vegas sand cooperation. People said it was initially inspired by card decks. This is one of the world most complicated construction project and of course engineers, workers, and the architect himself will face some problems. Engineers involved must make not one but three skyscrapers that will installed a big skypark as big as an aircraft carrier on top of the buildings. Engineers have to devise ingenious solution to assemble a sixteen meters tall museum of impractical diamonds, installed ‘giant artworks’ and the floating pavilion for shopping and entertainment. Singapore is the smoothest Asian country that is small than New York city. The lack of space forces it to build its largest leisure and entertainment up to it with a small track of retained water front land. Series challenges lies in the array of building that form the unique complex. Three fifty seven story hotel towers slope in such a great angles, there are dangers of buckling under the overweight. And an even bigger problem is the hotel roof. It is almost 400 meters skypark where it is containing gardens, outdoors pools and the world largest casino. How are you going to installed an aircraft carrier 400 meters on top of the sky? That’s the problems they face. A 60 meters tall of science museum is designed for a maximum visual impact. To people eyes, it seems too impractical to construct this building. One problem they face is to build the pavilions in the water. On the ground, the engineers are more concern about the reality of building safety vision. The design of the building itself is very diverse from other building. The first and the most critical construction task are to secure the footprint since the site was originally allocated for boats. Beneath the retained land which is essentially sea â€Å"things† is a dangerous marine clay. It is also known as black toothpaste. Marine clay has very poor structure properties. If it is not giving a complete respect, the unstable marine clay is potentially fatal. In 2004, Singaporeans discovered the lethal consequences. A routine excavation in an underground tunnels for the mass rapid transit network causes a collapse. It creates a gaping hole in the middle highway and killing 4 workers. Therefore to combat marine clay/ engineers decide to build giant concrete wall to create a stability parameters from the larger building. It is known as a diaphragm wall. After 1. 5 thick, a diaphragm wall, a steel reinforced concrete sections was secure 50meters into the ground. They form watertight in closers for men and machines to work around the globe. 16500 workers was hired. This is very huge number of workers and need a big amount of penny to paid them. They also have to struggle at the congested site, where the flow of lorry have to be monitored in order to give space for construction. The Marina bay Sand could be one of the world most expensive mistakes if engineers can’t solve the problematic structure. One of the engineers V. C Chiong comes with the solutions to formulate a solution to use bridge technology to prop the sloping edge as the building configuration is not straight tower with sloping leg. So all the sloping leg is inducing huge external forces into the structure and can create dangerous. When they are about to begin construction, a bombshell drops. September 2008, a global financial crisis wreaked havoc on market. The flow of hundred millions of dollars they keep on the Marina Bay project going every month suddenly stops. But the man behind the project, Sheldon Adelson pledges his vast personal wealth to the completion of the project. Next is the crystal pavilion, the resort premier shopping and entertainment complexes. But before engineers can makes them reality, again they have to secure the footprint and the major obstacle threatens to sink their objectives. The crystal pavilions and the situated within the confine of marina bay. So to build it, engineers have to find a way to build in 6 meters of water. To keep water out from the construction site, only one solution seems to be useful that is a waterproof steel structure called a confidant. This temporary formation surround the work side with circle of steel sheet pipe creating an impenetrable shield that logs out the water. Next is the whether problem. Typhoon may hit the Asian country. When this happen, typhoon force winds could spell disaster for the hotel talent with force of the windd. The strong wind can make the building swing dangerously causing irreparable damage to the structure of the building. In order to avoid this from happen, they have to install a movement joint. A movement joints are essentially gap located in between the concrete towers. The lesson from the story I have choose promote the quote saying that â€Å" if there is a will, there is a way†. If we have the determination to do something, we can always find the path or method to do it. The problem with these proverbs, however, is that although they may represent the Truth, they fail to carry the force of the Truth because we’ve spent so much time learning to ignore them. Over time, our denial of the truth in these proverbs have reduced them to nothing more than  lifeless cliches. From this skypark building, with ingenious design solution and to survive the most critical financial crisis has the good finishing upon the result. Now Singapore is already marveling at the team attend behind one of the world most ambitious building project. In just 3 years engineers overcome seemingly impossible construction challenges. Other than that, an age is not a matter for us to create or to build a new idea from technology or architecture prospect. To create idea we have to learn more, we have to travel more. And the most important things is, to get a new idea, we have to be wise. To be wise, we have to mingle around with wise people.

How to Analyze a File Line By Line With Python

How to Analyze a File Line By Line With Python One of the primary reasons people use Python is for analyzing and manipulating text. If your program needs to work through a file, it is usually best to read in the file one line at a time for reasons of memory space and processing speed. This is best done with a while loop. Code Sample for Analyzing Text Line by Line fileIN open(sys.argv[1], r) line fileIN.readline() while line: [some bit of analysis here] line fileIN.readline() This code takes the first command line argument as the name of the file to be processed. The first line opens it and initiates a file object, fileIN. The second line then reads the first line of that file object and assigns it to a string variable, line. The while loop executes based on the constancy of line. When line changes, the loop restarts. This continues until there are no more lines of the file to be read. The program then exits. Reading the file in this way, the program does not bite off more data than it is set to process. It  processes the data it does input faster, giving its output incrementally. In this way, the memory footprint of the program is kept low, and the processing speed of the computer does not take a hit. This can be important if you are  writing a CGI script that may see a few hundred instances of itself running at a time.   More About While in Python The while loop statement repeatedly executes a target statement as long as the condition is true. The syntax of the while loop in Python is:   while expression: statement(s) The statement may be a single statement or a block of statements. All the statements indented by the same amount are considered to be part of the same code block. Indentation is how Python indicates groups of statements.

Compounds Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compounds - Assignment Example The shampoo is used for pets and is not used for human needs. The shampoo is used to groom mainly dogs and horses and they are rendered fatal if consumed. This is due to the high iodine content which can cause iodine poisoning when consumed. Another iodine product that is commonly used is Kent Marine Concentrated Iodine used in aquariums. Iodine occurs naturally in plants and in some animals and animal products. Iodine easily attaches to organic compounds and this explains why the main sources include animals and plants. Many plants contain iodine as it occurs naturally on earth and when plants are growing, they absorb it from the soil. Iodine is more concentrated in water bodies as compared to the dry earth (ACP, 1996). For this reason, seaweeds are considered to be the richest in iodine concentration compared to other plants. Examples of such seaweeds include Nori, Hijiki, Dulse, sea lettuce, Kombu, and Wakame and they are all edible. Animals and animal products also contain natural iodine. Examples include sea animals, especially fish and shellfish, especially the ones found in salt water bodies. Milk and eggs are also a rich source of natural iodine. Food fortification technology is a common practice in the food industry. Table salt was among the first products to be iodized and its use is to supplement dietary iodine. Food fortification is aimed at achieving the required dietary intake of any given minerals. It is also aimed at improving the bioavailability of that given mineral by enhancing its absorption in the body. This technology utilizes the ionic form of Iodine (Iodides and Iodates). Iodization of animal products is also done so as to increase the natural source of iodine content in animal products. Iodine is also used in other fields. In the medical fields, radioisotope technology is commonly used in the diagnosis (Eagleson, 1994). This is referred to as nuclear medicine where a radioactive isotope is used to map the extent of the

Does America Have a Foreign Policy by Mark Funkhouser Article

Does America Have a Foreign Policy by Mark Funkhouser - Article Example The fact that the governor intervened with a new solution that was appealing to the people was commendable, though it did not go down well with the Ferguson police department. However, it does point out that governance has to be approached from an open-minded perspective as Governor Jay Nixon did. Working solutions have to be implemented in the short-term period then seek long-term solutions later. Similarly, Feather O’Connor Houston believes that governance has to be approached with transparency and commitment to bring about the much-needed changes. She uses the example of the veteran’s healthcare issues that had not been addressed for a long time. She is right to insist that reforms in the public sector has to be approached with competence so that the results can be timely, convenient and of good high quality. In what appears to be a summary assessment on leadership, Michael Brenner explores the loop side of the Obama administration and ponders to ask whether America does have a foreign policy. The author argues that since Obama took over as the president, there has been no tangible evidence of American foreign policy. The author is right to observe that indecisiveness by the Obama administration on such matters are responsible for the rise of IS and Moscow’s interference on Kiev. Brenner is also right to observe that political advisors should be people with experience, not political campaigners as Obama may have done. Brenner, Michael (2014, October 13).

The role of congress in monitoring events in Iraq Essay Example for Free

The role of congress in monitoring events in Iraq Essay The war against Iraq was perpetrated by the US and the UK with the UN playing passive and reluctant role. The attack has provoked protests all over the globe including in the US and the UK with many groups as well as individual condemning the attack and terming it as unwarranted. Furthermore, the attack was carried out without the approval of the security council. The attack has earned the US more foes than friends especially in the Muslim world. It has also served to fuel animosity against Americas efforts to institute a democratic government in those who view these efforts as interferences in the affairs of the country as a denial of Iraq’s sovereignty . This has led to rebellion against the authorities in Iraq as well as increasing the threat of terrorist attack on America. The Bush presidency and administration seems to believe that the way towards peace is through war and violence especially returning fire with fire. This notion can be at best misguided and at worst catastrophic. It is therefore imperative that the congress recognizes its duty as an organ and act to check any excuses on the part of the government as well as developing solutions that will lead to the reduction of rebellion and consequently the terrorist attacks within Iraq. This section will look at the possible role of congress in ensuring that the tension between Iraq and the US/UK subsides and also allow the US to shed the image of a ‘big bully’ interfering with the affair of a sovereign state. It is worth noting that at this juncture that the congress ahs made some good moves like giving 97 million dollars to support a program pushing for change of regime. This was a step in the right direction, however, this need to be sustained and increased. This organization offers some suggestions for your consideration, ladies and gentlemen. Pursue the Truth. The congress has a responsibility of seeking to reveal the truth so that decisions are based purely on sound intelligence. One of the biggest mistakes that the congress and the media have made was allowing themselves to be fed on misinformation and to act upon that misinformation without making due effort to seek the confirmation of the relevant intelligence agencies. The 2003 invasion on Iraq was based upon unsubstantiated reports that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Other reports allegedly justifying the invasion include Saddam-Osama association and that the war was welcome by the Iraqi citizens. The general feeling is that the congress did not do enough to get to the truth of those reports by the Bush administration . With the benefit of hindsight we know that all these reports were false. The congress has an obligation to launch a full congressional inquiry in order to give the American people the truth because America is founded on truth which we believe will set us free . It follows then that the congress needs to be at the forefront of finding facts before endorsing sensitive decisions regarding the events in post Saddam Iraq. Support the Iraq liberation act- when the bill was signed into law by President Bill Clinton, there were some well intentioned proposals that included developing a program that would support a transition to democracy. Even though Saddam Hussein was to be the removed from power without the use of military force, all is not lost and the congress could pursue some of the proposals like financing activities that promote democracy in Iraq. By now it should be clear that the U. S cannot continue having soldiers in Iraq because it is not sustainable. The congress should support those measures aimed at recalling US soldiers out of Iraq and allowing the transition government to run the affairs of Iraq. Right now that sounds dangerous but in the end it will prove less costly than maintaining US soldiers in Iraq. The congress had earlier passed an act to give 97 million dollars for the purpose of supporting regime change. The Act also suggested that those suffering from Saddam’s regime’s brutalities be assisted. Emphasize on empowering the transition government’s capacity to deal with internal insurgence. This can be done through the training of military personnel as well as giving financial support to this government for reconstruction. This is sustainable because only Iraq will be able to fully end the problems it is facing. Much of the terrorist attacks within Iraq are just an extension of a rebellion against the Bush administration. This suggests that the perpetrators of the internal insurgence are still fighting the US by fighting against the US assisted governments. However the reduction of US occupation will shift the focus somehow. Play a more active role in holding the administration accountable. The congress has in the past been accused of being the puppets of President George Bush. A congressman has been named for his role in spreading hearsay that led to the congress’ endorsement of the invasion on Iraq. However the congress is still strategically placed to provide leadership and help check the excesses of the current administration. There are some obviously bad mistakes that the Bush administration has made in the entire affair. However the voice of the congress has not been heard as it should have in efforts to lead the country in the right direction. Now that Saddam is gone and Iraq more than ever requires level headed support which the US can provide, the congress ought to speak on matters regarding the nature of support and the quantity to be given. All in all the congress should be seen playing a more active role in providing checks and balances to the administration. Last but not least is a collective request for all the members of congress to act in accordance to pure conscience. There have been cases in the past especially before the invasion when the congress has been less than active in fulfilling its constitutional role. Instead of initiating a full congressional inquiry, many of the congressmen decided to shut up and not do anything to hold the administration accountable even when they new all was not well. Decisions regarding Iraq’s progress need to be made by exercising discretion and oversight as well. Holding open discussions is what allows for prudent decisions as well as bringing the truth to the surface. As leaders we have a solemn duty to ensure that all future decisions are never again to be based on false impressions. This organization that should the congress abide by the above suggestions, then it can begin to help shape the outcome of what has been an sensitive but costly issue to the whole of America. Thank you.

Manliness in Macbeth, Shakespeare

Manliness in Macbeth, Shakespeare Manliness should not be considered a quality that can be possessed only by men. It is a set of values which can be possessed by anyone whos determined to live as a strong, moral and free person. All of the characteristics such as strong identity and free will can be considered positive if they are in a harmony with making the community a strong unit. William Shakespeares Macbeth brings several characteristics which supplement the manliness, making it even a stronger ideal connected not only to the single person but to the whole community as well. In the play the king who represents the whole country is murdered by his bravest soldier Macbeth. Thus the society and the nature shake and they lose their stability. After this betraying act the other noble lords try to restore the broken order by dethroning Macbeth and his wife. In this dramatic play the author shows that manly means to fight for the interests of the nation and it also symbolizes the strong volition and the belief in ones own ability to maintain control over their life. According to Shakespeare manliness means to make things right in harmony with the natural and social order. One of Shakespeares ideas about manliness is the idea of the man fighting for fairness and having the strength to oppose the evil. In the play Macbeth and Lady Macbeth often times threaten the social order and shake the stability of the country. The first action which reveals which qualities are manly and which are not is the murder of King Duncan. He was a person who was naturally given the right to rule Scotland because after his assassination it is revealed that the earth/ Was feverous and did shake (2.3.60-2.3.61) The nature reacted to this brutal act in order to show how unmanly this action is. The king is Scotland and he represents the whole nation. Killing the leader of a community means ruining the whole community and destroying all social norms. Macbeth interfered with the rules of nature while a real man has the ability to follow the laws dictated by God and the supreme power, because they are relevant to the survival of the whole nation. A man does not have a sick ambition to break the order, as Macbeth does. In fact with every new crime something dies inside him. The Thane of Cawdor can be definitely characterized with the phrase of the witches that Fair is foul, foul is fair., because he is double-faced (1.1.10). One real man would never pretend to be someone else and he would be sincere and honest. Macbeth breaks the sacred loyalty; he is a betrayer which certainly does not make him a man. Manliness characterizes only a person who is trustworthy, a person like Macduff who sacrifices his whole family in order to reestablish the peace and order in Scotland. This action requires a lot of strength which is not only physical but psychical as well. To abandon the family means putting the society as a number one priority. In general all of the people who oppose Macbeth can be considered manly. All characters who kept thinking that Duncans murder was a breach of the nations stability risk their lives in order to return the fairness. Young Siward has paid a soldiers debt: / only lived but till he was a man; which shows that they are very selflessly devoted to succeed (5.8.39-5.8.40). Another thing that this quote shows is that in Macbeths society even the children are taught that saving of communitys strength is a major moral value. Previously Macbeth was also considered selfless, as he nevr shook hands, nor bade farewell to him (Macdonwald),/ Till he unseamed him from the nave to th chops, (1.2.21-1.2.22). Maybe he was also taught in such a way as Siwards son. It seems that as the play goes on Macbeth transforms from a person who fights the betrayers to a person who becomes a betrayer. The Thane of Cawdor is not a real man, because he opposes the natural order and he also does not posses steadfastness. Another characteristic of manliness is not to succumb to the influence of other people, which can make a person do rash things. One can possess many moral values, but if one does not have the strength to keep them one will break them. That is what happens with the character of Macbeth as well. He deserved once to be called a worthy man because of his bravery but his credulity made him take the wrong way. Macbeth believed in the prophecy of the witches and their words started feeding his sick ambition. If he was manly, however, he would not believe in it so credulously. One of the etymologies of the word man comes from the root men- to think. That is why one of the characteristics of manliness is the process of thinking sensibly. But Macbeth was so enchanted by the words of the witches that he also says Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more :( 1.3.70). In contrast to Macbeth, Banquo says wisely The instrument of darkness tell us truths,/ Win us with honest trifles, to betrays/ In deepest consequences. (1.3.124-1.3.126).That makes Banquo a real man because he is a realist who depends only on his own strength. Banquo also does not allow the witches to brainwash him and he does not believe them so credulously. A real man like him should be able to distinguish between what is good and what is bad, i.e. what is fair and what is foul. On the other hand Macbeth keeps on believing in the prophecy and we see him as he goes to the witches by himself and asks them for his destiny. The Thane of Cawdor depends not only on his abilities, but he also expects help from the witches. A real man would rely only on his strength because this shows that he is certain about his abilities. Another fact that proves that Macbeth has a very weak character is that he is very easily manipulated by his wife. In the seventh scene of act 1 Lady Macbeth says From this time/Such I account thy love. Art thou afeard/ To be the same in thine own act and valor/ As thou art in desire?(1.27.38-1. 7.41)This shows that the change in Macbeths behavior is due to his weak spirit. He is not able to control his volition as he is mostly affected by the will of his wife. The man is the stronger sex and he should have the power to act according his own outlook. In contrast Macbeth does not know himself because he has lost his identity: To know my deed, twere best not know myself.(2.3.72). A manly deed can be considered again the act of Macduff who sacrifices his family in order to maintain the welfare of the whole nation. In fact in Macbeth all men except Macbeth are real men because they do not weaken and they save their ability to control their lives only by their volitions Shakespeares play Macbeth brings the topic of manliness. The progressing action in the play makes the characters face different difficulties and their different reactions bring the contrast between what is manly and what is not. The manly qualities which are presented in Macbeth enrich the readers view of life and how it has changed during the centuries. Morality has changed and the values of the communities have changed. In conclusion what William Shakespeare tries to teach the reader is that manly is not a word that describes only men, but manliness is a moral value that makes one combine the ability of being an individual with the ability of being a social efficient member of a community.

Politics and Architecture: A Literature Review

Chapter Two:Methodology In this chapter the research methodological analysis used in the survey is described. Theoretical analysis, informations aggregation, interviews conducted as collaborative method and the information beginnings are clarified. 2.1 Literature Review In the undermentioned paragraphs I will exemplify the methodological inspiration I take to analyze the confrontation between formal planning and informal slums in Zhengzhou. In conformity to the research inquiries stated in the direction, the theoretical lenses I adopt could be categorized into three spheres. 2.1.1Power and Governmentality Space is a critical portion of the conflict for control and surveillance of persons ( Michel Foucault, 1988 ) , and urban planning is one of the important tools to put to death province control. The first analytical end of this thesis is to show a political analysis of urban programs based on a coexistent, feeder, and conflictual theory of power. Sing the assorted nature of power and the coexisting humanistic disciplines of authorities, intriguing parts have been made to the spheres of psychological science ( Rose,1998 ) , broad governmentality ( Barry, Osborne, & A ; Rose, 1996 ) , insurance and hazard direction ( O’Malley, 2002 ) and ecological administration ( Darier, 1999 ; Binkley & A ; Capetillo, 2010 ) . Foucault’s construct provides a wider spectrum of political phenomena than what is traditionally defined as â€Å"political† ( e.g. citizens, province, political representation, freedom, etc. ) , by including classically non-political phenomena like machines, air, H2O, animate beings, workss and infinite. He suggested that there are three types of power: crowned head, disciplinary, and biopolitical, which I intend to pull on to clear up some of the complex relationships of power operating at urban planning, particularly on the control over internal migrators. Their grade of strength, common dealing ss of convergence, and hostility will be analyzed in Chapter Four, but here I would wish to indicate out how the classification of crowned head, disciplinary, and biopolitical are relevant to the instance survey in China. Sovereignty, Foucault says, creates a territorial treaty, and the major map of it is vouching boundary lines. Sovereign power is so exercised within the boundary lines of a district ( M. Foucault, 2009 ) . The family enrollment system in China is an convergence of societal and geographic division, which creates an unseeable but rigorous boundary line between the rural and urban countries. Binary exclusion, territorial regulations and even penalty for boisterous migrators [ 1 ] were implanted to procure the urban district. The undertaking of subject is to enforce a breakdown grid within the inside of the district established by the crowned head and bring forth organic structures that are both docile and capable of holding their bodily motions directed ( Foucault, 1979 ) . In China, internal migrators are surveilled, supervised and reformed through disciplinary power so as to do them prevail, obedient and able to digest adversity. When a individual steps out of the rural country and enters the metropolis, he must be prepared to be expelled, to work without societal public assistance, to digest general favoritism and to be soundless in his endurance. More than a disciplinary mechanism that acts on persons, biopower Acts of the Apostless as a control setup exerted over a population as a wholeto achieve an optimum result in a multivalent and convertible model ( M. Foucault, 2009 ) . Architecture, or urban planning, in this regard, is a signifier of biopolitics. Reconstruction of the reinforced environment, street, rivers and even flora, has become political mechanisms for way or redirection of migratory organic structures. The configuration of political schemes can be explained through Foucault’s surveies, which contributes to the inquiry ofhowto command the migration of people. In seeking to understandwhyauthoritiess are seeking to â€Å"sedentarize† people, James Scott came to see these strategies as â€Å"a province ‘s effort to do a society legible, to set up the population in ways that simplified the authoritative province maps of revenue enhancement, muster, and the bar of rebellion† ( Scott, 1998 ) . Harmonizing to Scott fully fledged catastrophes of societal technology necessitate a combination of four elements: the discernability of a society, â€Å"high-modernist† political orientation that believes itself in command of nature and society, an autocratic province willing to utilize all its coercive power to implement these strategies, and an incapacitated civil society which is easiest to happen in times of war, depression, crises, or attempts at national rele ase. China still has a long manner to travel in developing a stronger civil society under the autocratic societal construction, hence when the province got excessively deep into a tunnel vision to accomplish Utopian alterations, catastrophes necessarily happened ( e.g. the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution ) . The family enrollment system, which dated back to the black fragments of Chinese history, is portion of the simplified narrow vision. Its negative impact on urban development and human rights protection needs to be to foster revealed before major alterations could take topographic point. 2.1.2 Segregation and Marginality One of the byproducts of the family enrollment system is urban small towns, which presently shelter the bulk of the migratory population in the metropolis, individually from the urban system. I intend to cast visible radiation on its effects upon the society and measure planning policies designed to cover with it though residential segregation analysis. Park presented the really first definition of residential segregation in 1926, as a nexus that exists between both the societal distance and the physical distance ( Park, 1926 ) . Since so assorted definitions have been contributed to a better apprehension of the residential segregation construct ( e.g. Timms, 1975 ; White, 1983 ; Jargowsky, 1996 ) , with the most influential one drawn by Massey and Denton, sing residential segregation as a multidimensional phenomenon based on five dimensions: evenness, exposure, constellating, centralization and concentration ( Massey & A ; Denton, 1988 ) . Over the decennaries, legion quantitative attacks have besides been proposed taking to measure the different indices and steps ( both spacial and non-spatial ) of residential segregation. As quantitative analysis will non be carried out in my thesis, delight refer to the researches below for more description: James and Taeuber ( 1985 ) , Massey and Denton ( 1988 ) , Wong ( 1993 ) , Anselin ( 1995 ) , Reardon and O’Sullivan ( 2004 ) , Echenique and Fryer ( 2007 ) . The thrusts of residential segregation can be classified into two groups: endogenous ( e.g. income and single penchant ) and exogenic ( e.g. public policy and existent estate market moral force ) . In this regard, Nightingale believes that there is basically no such thing as genuinely voluntary segregation, or â€Å"good segregation† ( Peach, 1996 ) ; and he argues that segregation Acts of the Apostless as a political agent to reenforce unequal power dealingss in metropoliss, assisted by popular support and sustained by the land and economic markets which benefit from it ( Nightingale, 2012 ) . In the instance of urban small towns, the causes come from both classs: societal and physical division was created by public policies in the first topographic point, so enhanced by the income disparity and societal inequality between the urbanites and the rural migrators, every bit good as their willingness to populate with equals. Sing effects, there has been no consensus reached by bookmans. Positive effects may look in the short term sing the migrants’ formation of societal capital and networking. At the same clip negative effects are good acknowledged, including joblessness, wellness, academic public presentation, criminalism, prolongation of poorness and bad income distribution. However, new findings ( chiefly informations from the Traveling to Opportunity programme ) have shown that residential segregation has about negligible effects on families well-being ( it is still an unfastened inquiry and a topic of argument ) . I believe the being of urban small towns, as a signifier of segregation, has mix effects in Chinese society, and its negative impacts will be examined chiefly through marginality theories. Marginality is by and large used to depict and analyse socio-cultural, political and economic domains, where disadvantaged people struggle to derive entree ( social and spacial ) to resources, and full engagement in societal life ( Andersen & A ; Larsen, 1998 ; Brodwin, 2001 ; Heikki & A ; etc, 1999 ) . Social marginality is by and big reflected on the implicit in societal conditions of people, represented by hapless support options ( deficiency of resources, accomplishments and chances ) , reduced or restricted engagement in public decision-making, less usage of public infinite, lower sense of community and low self-pride ( Brodwin, 2001 ; Larsen, 2001 ) . Marginalised people are normally discriminated against, stigmatized, ignored and frequently suppressed on the footing of race, gender, age, civilization, faith, ethnicity, business, instruction and economic system by the mainstream ( Larsen, 2002 ) . The dimension of spacial marginality is normally linked to the geographical farness of an country from major economic Centres ( location ) , and refers to countries that are hard to make in the absence of appropriate substructure and hence isolated from mainstream development ( Brodwin, 2001 ; Hurni, Wiesmann, Schertenleib, & A ; North-South, 2004 ) . InUrban OutcastsLoic Wacquantdraws on a comparative analysis of the black ghetto of Chicago and the deindustrializingbanlieueof Paris to show that urban marginality is non everyplace the same ( Wacquant, 2008 ) . In the same mode, this thesis intends to lend to the survey of urban marginality, by exemplifying the similar yet different state of affairs in Chinese urban small towns. How the root causes of inequality, exposure and exclusion in urban small towns are linked with spacial and social marginality and the convergence between the two will be farther elaborated in Chapter Four. 2.1.3 Resistance and the Right to the City In one of the most well-known quotation marks of Michel Foucault, he claims that â€Å"Where there is power, there is resistance† ( Michel Foucault, 2012 ) , which besides applies to the confrontation between formal planning ( public policies ) and informal slums ( urban small towns ) . As I indicated before, for a better apprehension of power it is necessary to beef up opposition surveies. The theoretical construct of â€Å"everyday resistance† was introduced James Scott, as a sort of opposition that is non as dramatic and seeable as rebellions, public violences, presentations, revolutions, civil war or other such organized, corporate or confrontational articulations of opposition. He besides argues that these activities are tactics that exploited people use in order to both survive and undermine inhibitory domination, particularly in contexts when rebellion is excessively hazardous ( Scott, 1985, 1992 ) . Based on this model, research has grown within legion Fieldss, including surveies related to specific societal infinites, such as the workplace ( Huzell 2005 ) and the household ( Holmberg & A ; Ehnander 2007 ) , and among specific groups of population, such as adult females, low-skilled workers, migrators, homosexual ( Myslik 1996 ; Campbell 2004 ) , minorities, and â€Å"new agents† ( e.g. white-power militants ( Simi & A ; Futurell 2009 ) ) . However, a job with the construct of â€Å"everyday resistance† is that it risks labelling many other looks of difference, divergence, or individualism as â€Å"resistance† . Therefore although the oppositional act from urban small towns is quiet, dispersed, disguised or apparently unseeable, whether it is or to what extent it is a signifier of â€Å"everyday resistance† demands to be discussed. Furthermore, this construct has besides been criticised of making a duality between the â€Å"disguised resistance† ( mundane opposition ) and â€Å"publicly declared resistance† . Asef Bayat, for illustration, prefers an instead construct of â€Å"quite encroachment† : â€Å"the silent, protracted but permeant promotion of the ordinary people on the property-owning and powerful in order to last and better their lives†¦marked by quiet, mostly atomized and prolonged mobilisation with episodic corporate action† ( Bayat, 2000 ) . The signifier of opposition can non be isolated from the power it counters. Resistance, be it hidden of â€Å"spectacular† ( Bhabha ) , is situated in certain clip, infinite and dealingss, and engages with different discourses. Therefore mundane opposition can go on between or at the side of unfastened opposition, and frailty versa. In the instance of Chinese urban small towns, there are occasions when the hidden mundane opposition becomes public, corporate and officially organized. It is of import to analyse the opposition of the urban small towns ( some of which they do non see as â€Å"resistance† themselves ) , but non necessary to find precisely when and where â€Å"everyday resistance† happens ; what is more important is to understand what they are seeking through their opposition. Originally proposed by Henri Lefebvre as both a â€Å"cry and a demand† , David Harvey describes the right to the metropolis as â€Å"a collective right which goes beyond simply accessing single urban resources, a freedom to do and refashion ourselves and our cities†¦the most cherished yet most neglected of our human rights† ( Harvey, 2012 ) . During rapid urbanisation, old parts of the metropolis is invariably being wiped off and the metropolis is going an foreign entity, or, as Harvey puts it, the infinite where excesss of capital are being generated. In this manic gait of alteration, the marginalized population, are being invisibilized and pushed out of the metropolis to its borders. As stated before, really frequently they try to entree physical infinite in the metropolis and other services in really quiet, ordinary and elusive ways, but Harvey suggests that the marginalized people should come together as a community and take control of the â€Å"surplusesâ₠¬  which are generated at the disbursal of the metropoliss. However, Harvey has been criticised of romanticising the metropolis as a governable entity, and neglecting to acknowledge the multiple mediums by which people try to negociate their entree to the metropolis. Beyond an abstract rights claim, what extremist public-service corporation does this construct of â€Å"the right to the city† have for the present state of affairs in China, and how might it go, as Harvey suggests it could, â€Å"both working slogan and political ideal† for the urban villagers ( Harvey, 2003 ) ? Could theaccess to the metropolis be conceptualized in footings of rights, or is it the infinites through which people develop belongingness and ownership that should be examined? These inquiries will be farther examined through instance survey in Chapter Three and Chapter Four. 2.2Case Study 2.2.1 Data Collection In order to analyze the confrontation between formal planning and informal slums, informations demands to be collected from both kingdoms. Official programs ( authorised by cardinal authoritiess ) and original paperss of public policies related to urban planning, building ordinance, migration direction and societal public assistances are collected to measure the relationships of power operating. Statistical information sing the redevelopment undertaking of urban small towns in Jinshui District, including continuance, size, developing manner, redevelopment program, and major obstructions ( if any ) besides belong to this kingdom. Geographic informations of urban small towns in Jinshui District and their surrounding environment, including transit system, substructure system, lodging monetary value in the existent estate market and distribution of public installations are collected to analyze the opposition of urban small towns, or in other words, their impact on the urban development. 2.2.2Interview Interviews referred to in Chapter Four were carried out by my confederate in China. Due to the bound of clip and location, I did non take the method of field work or questionnaire study. The interviews were conducted in an informal mode, with the purpose of supplying personal experience and positions, non official historical â€Å"truth† , to the empirical research. At the petition of the interviewees, personal information will non be provided. 2.3Data Beginning Geographical informations dated prior to 1984 were sourced form historical maps and paperss that belong to the private aggregation of a native Zhengzhou citizen, Mr. Niu. Geographical informations ( including official maps ) from 1984 onward were provided by the Mapping Institute of Henan ( a subordinate of the Surveying and Mapping Bureau of Henan ) . Data sing the four cardinal programs conducted in Zhengzhou were provided by the Urban and Rural Planning Bureau of Zhengzhou. Data sing the urban small towns and redevelopment undertakings in the Jinshui District were provided by the Urban Village Renovation Office of Zhengzhou. Other societal and economic informations referred to in this thesis was chiefly collected from the authorities web site, or provided by the Archive of Zhengzhou and the Urban Development Archive of Zhengzhou. All the written stuffs from the above mentioned beginnings were originally in Mandarin Chinese, and the interlingual rendition ( if any ) was conducted by myself ; some of the numerical informations were conjunct signifier Chinese units. Detailed information will be provided for each figure and tabular array. 2.4 Drumhead It could be concluded from the predating description that the research presented in this thesis is strictly qualitative. By pulling on the surveies of Foucault, Scott, Nightingale, Wacquant, Harvey and Castells, the theoretical model of this thesis consists of three parts: power and gavernmentality, segregation and marginality, opposition and the right to the metropolis. The urban development, particularly the issue of urban small towns in Zhengzhou will be examined under this model, taking to reply the research inquiries proposed in the direction.

Different Paradigms for Analysing Organisation

Organisations that are increasingly becoming flatter owing to the growing popularity and importance of team work for effectiveness in performance and high performance goals to obtain competencies so as to meet challenges in the business environment. With the growth in complexity in the internal and external business environment, organisational structural changes have become highly complex as well. When it comes to analyzing organisations several complex issues and areas prevent an easy analysis to take place. Such complexities emerge from the multi—agent nature of the organisational activities, where several personnel belonging to different departments come to interact cross-sectional to perform activities therein producing the scope for team work (Scott, 2001). However, organisations at present, despite of the growth in the use of team work and the, at times, essential use of team work, still use conventional hierarchical structures which is another source complexity. Organisations in the midst of managerial and commercial challenges face structural complexities (Amiguet, et al. , 2002). The paper attempts to produce the insight into how the organizations can be analysed upon different basis so as to generate the implications and scope for the effective use of teamwork in the organisations for each of the element and basis used in the analysis. The theories that emerge from social sciences indicate graphical representation of organisations and are often termed as ‘informal’ (Morgan, 1996; Mintzberg, 2001). They are used in analyzing organizations widely but they fail to provide a very detailed structural view of the organisation and create an abstract level evaluation. The detailed dynamics that are found to exist, especially in the modern organisations that are equally important for the use of team work in organisations are largely left out and failed to be evaluated using the social sciences framework (Dastani, et al. , 2004). However, the models hailing from their background of social sciences the importance of explicit modelling of agents and their underlying interactions and coordination within the organisational work flow and lines of authority is recognized immensely (Lomi and Larsen, 2001; Ferber, et al. , 2003). This is so because the environment that includes the performance stimulating and performance deviating forces and factors and the role of agents functioning within the rganisation at an inter-departmental level, influence greatly the effective use of team work in organisations and the effective performance in general (Dastani, et al. , 2004). There are basically 4 key sociological perspectives introduced by Burrel and Morgan (1979) upon which organizations can be modeled and analyzed that form the fundamental element of the paper followed by a thorough discussion upon the key implications for the use of teamwork and how teamwork prevails under the operational system in the organisations base d on the modeling of organisations framed using the analysis. The framework created by Burrel and Morgan (1979), which is the prime focus of the paper, provides different ways of thinking based on both extreme points in theory of society: regulation – importance and effectiveness of order and consensus in the society; And Radical Change – significance of conflict and transformations in development, the importance of creating mobility. These paradigms are also assessed by the subjectivist and objectivist approach. Principles And Paradigms For Analysis Of Organisations The way that organisations are structured makes significant impact to the overall efficiency and effectiveness in performance targets of those organisations as the inter-departmental links and coordinates and the communication channels within the organisation, determines to a great extent the efficiency in the work flow and the execution of the several underlying business processes. As the organisations maintained significant structural changes in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, organizational networks of task-focused teams was created for leading to flatter organizational structure. Teamwork emerged as facilitators in achieving positive, cost-effective satisfaction and staff retention (Grif?n et al. 2001, Heywood & Jirjahn 2004 quoted in Xyrichisa & Reame; 2008). Modern organisations are seldom following well rounded use of technologically and mechanically operating systems in the work processes as dynamic and matrix systems hat combine the several process and departmental groups together for the execution of projects that break the traditional lines of authority and spans of control. Such modern organisations are termed as â€Å"non-linear† in their behavior and present complexity in analysis (Scott, 2001). Different paradigms provide range of different ways of understanding teams and efficiency of teamwork within an organisation such as, importance of stimulating the support and commitment of employees to team working and organizational objectives by providing them more autonomy, and unity in the workplace, creating opportunity and ‘desire for a more enriched work experience’. Knights and McCabe 2003) or defining team working as a tool or technology that makes individuals simply subjects that guarantee their sense of meaning and importance of working as a team. Currently, teamwork have become as a prominent specification of a broader management fashion â€Å"in the direction of decentralised, flexible networks† that allegedly promote â€Å"a culture of expression and involvement† (Reed, 1992: 227, 229; quoted in Ezzamel and Will mott 1998), claiming it to be â€Å"currently the most popular form of organizational restructuring† (Barker and Tompkins, 1994: 224; quoted in Ezzamel and Willmott 1998). Mueller (1994: 386) describes teamwork as a work coordination that provides â€Å"re-align individual motivation with organizational rationality†. Evaluating the beliefs in managerialist perspective, the dominant assumption about the teams is that, they are ‘’instruments for redesigning the job’’ through increasing commitment, that do not consider individual preferences, personalities, and behaviours. (Partington and Harris, 1999) Mainstream – Functionalist approach directly focuses on the importance of teams. In this perspective team work is assessed as one of the essential elements of creating efficient organisation. ‘’No distinction is made between the use of mechanisms of organization to coordinate complex divisions of labor and their use to control and legitimize structured social inequalities of wealth and status. ’’ (Ezzamel and Willmott, 1998) The management literature has been found a lot of assumptions and analysis about the teams and team work in organisation as being a source of motivation for employees and job satisfaction, therefore increased performance. Furthermore, it provides opportunities for employees in terms of learning and skill acquisition, as well as information sharing, which may be particularly important in conditions of growing economic uncertainty (Wagner et al. 1997; Wall et al. 2002; Vaskova 2007; quoted in SKOPE research paper 2009). Between the economic objectives of designing teamwork in organisations can be stated the incorporation of the management responsibility with the teamwork and removing the demarcation. Project teams get together number of employees rom completely different divisions and hierarchical levels of organisation for the particular objective. Increased job satisfaction, increased motivation between the employees, understanding around the meaningful work and its positive influence to the job performance are considered to be social or business objectives of the teamwork. Cultural objectives of teamwork refer to the rhetoric around understanding if the teams based on norms and values in organisation s, ‘’we’’ feeling – corporate vision, mission statement and the like. There is great attention to the increasing efficiency and importance of team work in the literature and many authors have undertaken several pieces of researches that aimed to identify the major elements of effective team in organisations. The efficiency of team working in different cultural and organizational settings, operations and achieving the objectives depends on a number of various factors, such as, specifications of task, group composition, organisational context and other contingencies. The advantages of teamwork are often represented to a greater extent as an empowerment for employees, as teams provides them a degree of supervisory and managerial responsibility for the organization of their work facilitated through â€Å"individual responsibility and team accountability† (Tjosvold, 1991: 35; quoted in Ezzamel and Willmott 1998) Contrary to the authors of functionalist accounts, some fundamental researches on the literature suggest that use of teamwork is merely is a modern continuation of the rationale of Taylorism. Dohse et al. 1985; Berggren 1992; Thompson and McHugh 1995; Vidal 2007) In humanistic perspective ideology of teamwork is gives an emphasis on autonomy of the employees in the work and the responsibility. ‘’ †¦ that the incorporation of managerial responsibilities within team working will be welcomed by employees as an unconditional bene?t and that its refusal is irrational because it violates their essential human needs. â€⠄¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Ezzamel and Willmott, 1998: 5) However, Knights and Knights and McCabe (2000) show that, team membership is not merely responsibility that brings autonomy, it also means pressure for the members in many cases. Different forms of team can be created by management directive. They can vary in terms of the outcomes that they are expected to achieve, the level of decision making responsibility as most of them have little autonomy for decision making, size of the teams, work cycle, degree of integration with other units and the like. One of the major problems with the assumptions about teams and teamwork is that, ‘’both advocates and critics of teams tend to present them as a ‘package’ in which task functions, value-orientations and capacity for self- governance are all mutually reinforcing’’ (Thompson and McHugh 2009) As it is emphasized by Thomson and Wallace (1996) teams can vary in the forms and sizes, as an implication of a range of factors and components in it.. Three dimensions of these factors can be identified for analysing the efficiency of teamwork. Multi – dimensional approach to the team working helps to identify and understand more clearly various types of managerial goals and configuration of their practices. These dimensions are related with the governance – in terms of devolve decision making, delegated powers, self – regulation. There are some researches in literature that states the importance of self- regulation in teamwork in terms of both in terms of increased productivity and employee welfare. High degree of control over the teams causes the discretion and prevents personal initiatives at work. Second dimension of the teamwork is concerned with the issues that related to normative motives – shared purpose within the teams, cultural cohesion and technical issues, in terms of flexibility, integration and the like. ‘’†¦ team working is a move away from the hierarchical command and control workplace, and the decisive means of empowering the employee [24, p. 30]. But most acknowledge that even in the more advanced initiatives, â€Å"there is seldom talk of democracy† [11, p. 25]. Expanded responsibilities and self-regulation, in whatever degree, is a functional requirement of the new production environments rather than a goal of participation and involvement. ‘’ (Thomson and Wallace; 1996) Knights and McCabe (2000) suggest critical approaches to the assumption on understanding and effectiveness of teamwork that is illustrated by mainstream perspective, criticizing autonomous team concept is not realized, it did not displaced the rigidity of bureaucratic system in organisations. Teamwork does not decrease the control over the employees, change in the direct control and managing through responsible autonomy does not mean less supervision, it cause a less visible but equally constraining form of normative control, that encourages employees to internalise managerial definitions of organisational goals (Grenier 1988; Barker 1993; Graham 1995; quoted in SKOPE research paper 2009). ‘’However, teams did not always have autonomy. In 83 per cent of the workplaces with team working, teams were given responsibility for specific products and services, and in 61 per cent they could jointly decide how work was done. However, in just 6 per cent they were allowed to appoint their own team leaders. ’’ (Kersley et al. , 2007; 17-18; quoted in Thompson and McHugh 2009) Furthermore, state that ideal model of teamwork is over simplistic and is assumed in isolation from very important contextual factors that in essence, shapes it. One of the most important points of the effectiveness of teamwork is about task discretion. Both perspectives have impressive range of evidences about the implications of task discretion to the employee motivation. Optimists suggest that, the task discretion is the sign of high employee commitment and high productivity. On the other hand, there are powerful criticisms about this approach, concerned that, the task discretion declines the autonomy of the employees at work and creates danger for their well-being. However, independent work groups, based on the concepts such as job enrichment and re-designing creates an opportunity for employees for decision making on operational issues and various levels of integrated organisational skills, and also more flexible working in more integrated divisions of labour.

From Memory and By Heart

From Memory and By Heart From Memory and By Heart From Memory and By Heart By Maeve Maddox A headline on the National Public Radio (NPR) site prompted this post: A Self-Taught Artist Paints the Rain Forest By Memory The more common idiom for doing something that is recalled and not seen is to do it â€Å"from memory.† From is more appropriate than by in this idiom because memory may be regarded as a receptacle and not as an agent. For example: Painting from memory can be just as productive as painting from sight. If youve ever repeated a rhyming poem from  memory  in front of an audience, youve given a  recitation. Pewsey clergyman Canon Gerald Osborne is to perform a remarkable feat of faith and memory by reciting in public the whole of Mark’s Gospel from memory. George Doi, a nisei,  reconstructed  the  map from memory  in March 1993. The process of committing something to memory for later recall is â€Å"to learn it by heart.† Learning texts by heart once held a more valued place in the elementary and high school curriculum than it does now. When I was a child, school children were encouraged to memorize poems like Longfellow’s â€Å"Paul Revere’s Ride† and speeches like Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address.† In her 90s, my mother could still recite poems she learned as a child in the Chicago public schools. Visiting a family in France one summer, I was treated to the experience of hearing members of three generations recite a tale of Fontaine- in unison and with great mutual pride. Poems learned â€Å"by heart† in childhood enrich the rest of life. Here are some examples of the idiom â€Å"by heart†: Learning poetry by heart ignites the imagination- Andrew Motion. Miss Allan  encouraged us to learn poetry by heart, for which I am everlastingly grateful now that I am registered as blind and still have memories of some of the  loveliest poems ever written. In  Poems to Learn by Heart,  Kennedy stresses the importance of memorizing poetry and presents a collection of poems that she believes everyone should internalize. [David Cameron] said his youngest daughter Florence was so obsessed with the movie [Frozen] that he found he’d learned it off by heart. Note: Learning â€Å"by heart† is not the same thing as learning â€Å"by rote.† Rote learning is more or less mindless. Learning a poem one neither likes nor understands for the sake of reciting it one time for a grade is a pointless exercise. Learning a poem or a speech â€Å"by heart,† on the other hand, is a process that engages the mind and the emotions. Bottom line: We recite from memory what we have learned by heart. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good WithIn Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisThe Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

Structureâ€Based Design and Synthesis of 2-Benzylidene-benzofuran-3-ones as Flavopiridol Mimics The WritePass Journal

Structure–Based Design and Synthesis of 2-Benzylidene-benzofuran-3-ones as Flavopiridol Mimics Conclusion Structure–Based Design and Synthesis of 2-Benzylidene-benzofuran-3-ones as Flavopiridol Mimics Introduction Experimental ProcedureResultsConclusionRelated Introduction Flavopiridol, a well-established inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK’s), is currently undergoing clinical trials. The inhibition of CDK’s, which are involved in the cell division cycle, is a vital goal in anticancer agents and therefore having potent drugs which can selectively inhibit these is crucial. One of the aims is to synthesize 2-benzylidene-benzofuran-3-ones so that they are more potent at inhibiting some of the CDK’s but also selective in nature, something which flavopiridol lacks. To date falvopiridol has been found to inhibit CDK’s 1, 2 and 4 all with the same potency. Flavopiridol acts on the CDK2 enzyme by mimicking the actions of the purine group of ATP. It is the keto and hydroxyl groups of the compound which form the same bidendate hydrogen bonds with the backbone of the CDK2 residues as the nitrogen atoms of the purine functional group of ATP. Having obtained this information it was clear to see that some variations of the benzafuranone structure would be able to mimic the interactions that flavopiridol has with CDK’s. The main objective of testing structural analogues was to obtain new CDK inhibitors that are more selective in discriminating between CDK2 and CDK4. Different substituents were attached to the phenyl ring, with modelling suggesting that a hydrogen bond acceptor group in para position would interact favourably whereas a bulky and positively charged para substituent would have a detrimental effect on CDK2 inhibition but not for CDK4. Experimental Procedure The derivatives of benzafuranone are synthesized in a set of continuous reactions starting with the acid-catalysed condensation of dimethoxy phenol and 1-methyl-4-piperidone in acetic acid. This produces an unsaturated derivative at 62% yield which is then followed by hydrogenation and treatment with chloroacetyl chloride and aluminium chloride to produce a derivative at 50% yield. The compound is then condensed with 4-bromobenzaldehyde to produce a derivative at 41% yield. Finally the aryl bromide derivative is reacted with 1-methylpiperazine and pyridinium hydrochloride to produce a benzofuranone with one R group being the methylpiperazine and the other being a hydrogen group at a 40% yield (8). The compound 8 and 4 others with different R groups were tested in kinase inhibition assays to see their effect on CDK’s 1, 2 and 4. Results The derivative with both R groups being hydrogen’s (4), proved to be as potent as flavopiridol at inhibiting CDK1 but not as effective against CDK2 and CDK4. The variation of potency of the derivative shows that there was a difference in the sensitivity between the enzymes. Moreover it proved that the synthesized benzofuranone derivatives whilst being potent maintained the high selectivity which was desired. When a chlorine atom was added at the ortho position on the phenyl ring the potency generally went down against all the CDK enzymes. The reason for this is that due to the presence of the chlorine there is some steric hinderence preventing the favourable conformation being adopted. Two other compounds which contain SO2NH2 and NO2 respectively as their R groups proved to be more potent than the first derivative in inhibiting CDK1 and CDK2. Both compounds contained hydrogen bond acceptor groups in their para positions and so this acted favourably in terms of conserving lysin e residue in the enzyme. The reason for a lower potency against CDK4 was due to the lack of conservation of lysine. The slight increase when a sulphonamide group was present as opposed to a nitro group is the result of its additional capacity to donate hydrogen bonds. Compound 8 was again more potent than the derivative with two hydrogen groups as the side chains. This was more prominent in the inhibition of CDK1 as there seemed to be a greater amount of repulsive interaction with the lysine at the 89th position. There wasn’t any noticeable difference in the potency between the compound 8 and 4 due to the ability of compound 8 being able to access the free solvent space due to the replacement of the lysine (at the 89th position) by a threonine. Conclusion The compounds obtained from the generalised structure of 2-benzylidene-4,6-dihydroxy-7-benzofuran-3-ones showed inhibitory characteristics which are true of flavopiridol mimetics. Through careful manipulation of the structure it was possible to increase the inhibitory potency against the CDK1 and CDK2 enzymes and obtain selectivity against CDK4 due to the lack of conservation of lysine. However it was often difficult to increase the inhibition at CDK4 due to shape of   the ATP binding site which prevented favourable interactions between the ligand occurring.

Pirvate law workshop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pirvate law workshop - Essay Example Henry Veine was driving the car. The children were in the back of the car and their mother Rachel veine sat at the front passenger seat. Though the children were wearing the seat belt, unfortunately, Rachel forgot to wear the belt. However, they passed through the small village of Henbury and reached at the crest of a hill, locally known as Egdon Brow, on the A746 and approached towards a double-decker bus, which was traveling quite slowly up the hill. There was a bus stop close to the top of the hill and the bus came to a halt to allow some passengers to alight. There were no double white lines on the road forbidding overtaking which allowed overtaking. In addition, there was no warning of Hazel Tree Lane traffic emerging onto the main road. So, Henry overtook the bus and reaching to the top of the hill, began to return to their lane. There were no vehicles coming to the opposite direction. Suddenly, a red Ford van, registered number E701 LUL came out from a side road driven by Mark Chapstick who was working as a fitter in C.I.C. Instruments Ltd and on the day of the accident was going to drop James McWatt (boyfriend of his sister), off at Telford. He drove up along the Hazel Tree Lane, where it met main Telford Road. He took a break to check all was clear and was intending to turn right in order to collect his Sunday newspaper. His vehicle entered into the lane of Henry Veine very quickly and hit the car of Henry Veine. At this, Henry became perplexed and could not make out anything as to the occurrence took place there. Despite, he tried his level best to save them from the accident and swerved to the right. Chapstick's passenger had a mobile phone and he telephoned for an ambulance. The ambulance took them in the hospital for treatment. Rachel suffered injuries to her left side and was detained to hospital. In this case, the statements have been obtained from seven witnesses as including Rachel Vine, Henry Douglas Vine, Mark Chapstick, James Andrew McWatt, Doris Warburton, John Barrow and Edgar Horace Walpole. Among them, the most significant statement has been produced by Rachel Vine, Henry Douglas Vine and Mark Chapstick. As per Rachel Vine, on 19th December, 2006, Rachel and Henry Veine couples along with their children set out from their home to see the parents-in law of Henry Douglas Veine at Telford by a car named Renault Megane, the registration number of which is R447 PDU. The car was driven by Henry Veine, his husband. They passed through the small village of Henbury and reached a hill, locally known as Egdon Brow, on the A746. When they reached at the top of the hill, they crossed a double-decker bus. There was a bus stop close to the top of the hill and the bus seemed to take a break at the hill and Henry overtook the bus. When turning to their lane, there were no vehicles coming in the opposite direction. A red Ford van, registered number E701 LUL, driven by Mark Chapstick was suddenly entered into their lane and hit the car of Henry Veine. Henry tried to swerve to the right to save the accident, but unfortunately he could not escape the accident. Henry and his family members were severely i njured. The passenger of Mark

Economic Outcome Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Outcome Analysis - Research Paper Example The same concepts and models are going to be applied to Andy's Parties business to determine whether it would be viable for it to be franchised. The first fundamental step is to evaluate the business. This step would be help in determining the sale and the profitability of a business. If the sales of a business are decimal, it would be difficult to franchise such a business since the sales reflect the standing of the business in the market. Less profitable businesses are businesses that are likely to have fewer customers and their products and services are not well known to the targeted customers. Andy's Parties’ annual financial record shows that it does not do well in terms of selling its services to its customers. For the whole year it organized an average 650 parties for the whole year (Spinelli, Rosenberg, and Birley, 2004). This translates to nearly one to a maximum of two parties a day at an average cost of $385 per event. These are low sales for the Andy's Parties to c onsider franchising its services. In other words, Andy's Parties services and may be products are not known vastly among its targeted customers; therefore, it would be difficult or quite a challenge for the franchisees to do well in selling Andy's Parties services. ... In this case, the franchisors are usually expecting 15% ROI where if the initial investment for the franchising business is $200,000, the franchisee is expected to look for a minimum of $30,000 as the annual profits of the business. Moreover, the business needs to pay for royalties. The Andy’s Parties annual operation cost is $470,000, thirty percent of this amount is $141,000. This means that when it franchises the business, the franchisee will be expected to have a return of $141,000 at the end of the third year (Spinelli, Rosenberg, and Birley, 2004). From the Andy's Parties annual report, it can only manage $80,000 before tax. This means that its expectation of its franchisees will be more that what it makes by itself. Notably, the franchisees must also pay loyalties above the amount they are required to return into the Andy's Parties investments (Mhlaba, 2004). With this large figures reality, franchising Andy's Parties services will be a burden to Andy's Parties and fran chisee since the reality of profit making will never come by within the expected period. Additionally, the Andy's Parties has not provided its business structure that would help the franchisee to determine their relationship with the franchisor. It is usually vital to couple ROI which is a single unit with other successful base model to warrant franchising. In most cases, it is usually difficult to replicate the success and effectiveness of a single unit especially where the owner of the business is passionate and quite hand on with the business (Hayes, 2005). In this case, it is vital for the business intending to franchise its services to try its business concepts in at least three locations. Therefore, since Andy's Parties has not tried